D A. E) molecular hydrogen. Under these conditions, hydrogen atoms come so close together that they fuse. apparent brightness against intrinsic brightness of a group of. d. *b. A) thousands of degrees. structure, origin, evolution Which of the following is an example of humans influencing solar energy or seasonality? C 14. Line spectra C. Light from sunspots D. The star's magnetic field B) 4 million tons True or false: The amount of solar activity (like sunspots) varies between maximum and minimum. D) Energy is produced in the convection zone by nuclear fusion. *b. What is the evidence for the heliocentric model (sun is the center of the solar system) and evidence why the Geocentric model (the universe revolves around the earth) is wrong? Imagine you are plunging into the Sun, starting from Earth. 26. C) areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project out into space, allowing charged particles to escape and form the solar wind Approximately how many neutrinos pass through your body each second? The intricate patterns visible in an X-ray image of the Sun generally show FAQ: How Does the Solar Cycle Affect Earth's Climate? | NASA A) it is too dangerous to send the Space Shuttle to service satellites during solar maximum. The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the solar core about they are brighter than the rest of the sun's surfaced. computer-based processing tool for analyzing geographic data. Which of the following statements about solar sunspots is NOT true? It is the largest galaxy in the universe Which of the following is true? C) chemical reactions A pulsating white dwarf star, fluctuating rapidly in brightness. C C) They are regions nearly devoid of gas. Which of the following is not true about solar flares - Course Hero Jupiter's moons The planet Jupiter was accompanied by four tiny satellites which moved around it. 12. compared D) gravitational contraction We can learn about the densities and other characteristics of the various layers within the Sun by studying how the waves propagate throughout the Sun. What would happen to the core of the sun if its temperature rose slightly? What is the common cause of sunspots, flares, and prominences? The people living at 40 N or S experience about six-hours difference in daylength from winter to summer. A) Early experiments designed to detect solar neutrinos found them, but in fewer numbers than had been expected. sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. Scientists believe sunspots are associated with the Suns erratic magnetic cycle, which typically takes 11 years to complete. Sunspots can appear in groups, or clusters, and their life-cycle can last from days to weeks to months. b. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Abe Mizrahi, Edward E. Prather, Gina Brissenden, Jeff P. Adams, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider, Foundations of Astronomy plus The Night Sky Planisphere - Latitude 30- 40, Chapter 14 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems,. gas pressure to halt the collapse. D C) hotter and denser than the surface. The Sun's core is an astonishing 29,000,000 degrees F., while the pressure is about 100 billion times the atmospheric pressure here on Earth. A) We have X-ray images from satellites of the interior of the Sun. C. The depletion is restricted to the arctic and antarctic regions. is lost from the atom, and energy is equivalent to mass, c. C) billions of degrees. The poles have the smallest variation in summer and winter day lengths. Convection, or the movement of gas or liquid caused by heat transfer, is not a cause of sunspots, but is instead impeded by the strong magnetic fields that cause sunspots. Additionally, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the amount of energy that sunspots emit is so small that it is impossible to measure here on Earth. Our Sun will end its life by becoming. If one fourth of the original muons reach Earth before decaying, about how big is the height h? a. What is the term for loops or sheets of glowing gas ejected from active regions on the solar surface? B) They are extremely rare. A) The Sun generates energy by fusing small nuclei into larger ones, while our power plants generate energy by the fission (splitting) of large nuclei. B) joules They are cooler than the surrounding photosphere of the Sun. C) We do not know how to detect electron neutrinos. After observing the Earth's weather patterns and the 11-year sunspot cycle of the Sun for 36 years, scientists have found that high levels of sunspot activity precede shifts in wind patterns that affect the Earth's weather. finally C) We have learned that the Sun's interior undergoes fusion at a lower rate than we had expected, and that is why we had observed fewer neutrinos than expected. b. D) The Sun always has the same amount of mass, creating the same gravitational force. As you approach the Sun, you will enter the corona, an extremely hot layer of gas, but so low in density that you won't really feel how hot it is. The region principally absorbs gamma rays, X-rays, and interacts with the solar wind. Theories predict how many and what type of neutrinos should be observed. As it contracted, its gravitational potential energy was converted to thermal energy. Why, then, does it require four protons. D) The planets need more and more energy to maintain any life on them as time goes on, and therefore the Sun must bet hotter. They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. E. CO2 is a by-product of life processes. B) The likelihood of seeing solar prominences or solar flares is higher when sunspots are more common and lower when they are less common. Show explanation. the difference in amount of incoming shortwave and outgoing longwave radiation. D) Sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. When we say that the Sun is a ball of plasma, we mean that Air consists of? A Furthermore, the magnetic fields associated with sunspots have the ability to absorb light, providing the dark spots with an even further reduction in contrast. indication of what physical process at work in the Sun? The "star" appears to move in a straight line against a, a. a measurement of the masses of stars. The overall result of the proton-proton chain is A C) variations of the solar thermostat c. The Sun was once postulated to be a cooling ember, but that would have meant the Sun would have been much hotter in its immediate past (just a few hundred years ago) and people could not have lived in such a hot environment. D ch 16 Pearson Questions Flashcards | Quizlet E. Atmospheric pressure is greatest in the mesosphere. (E). Suppose that, for some unknown reason, the core of the Sun suddenly became hotter. How much mass does the Sun lose through nuclear fusion per second? c. Sunspots have distinct temperatures that are between 3000-4000 Kelvin, while the temperature of the rest of the Sun is 5000-6000 K. Sunspots are also constantly changing in shape and size, as their lifespans range from a few hours to several months. Again, this showed that not everything in the heavens revolved around the Earth. The top of the Earth's atmosphere is approximately Which of the following is the phase of matter in the Sun? What happens to the positron? A) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. A) Gravitational contraction involves nuclear fusion, which generates a lot of heat. a measurement of the composition (abundances of elements) inside. sunspots are brighter than the rest of the sun's surface. produces industrial smog. B) wave motions in the solar interior a measurement of the surface temperatures of stars. Why does the surface of the Sun appear to have a sharp edge? Wayne didn't need a degree in _____ to know that the living version of the beast whose bones he discovered was _____ by human standards of beauty. D The spectral type of a star can be used to determine its colour. How do we know how old the solar system is quizlet. A) three days ago. How nuclear fusion turns hydrogen to helium b. B) The churning gas is being stirred up by the strong solar wind. D) radioactive elements such as uranium and plutonium. C. potassiumhas a lower ionizationenergy than sodium D. All the photons produced in the Sun's core have been absorbed by the outer edge of what region of the Sun? This, process A) They are too cold to emit any visible light. and which of the folloing statements about ionization energy is true? B) The visible light comes from energy level transitions as electrons in the Sun's hydrogen atoms jump between level 1 and level 2. Sunspots are really darker than the surrounding photosphere, and thus appear as black spots on the sun's surface. additional D) The higher temperature would not affect the fusion rate but would cause the core to expand and cool until the temperature returned to normal, with the core at a new, slightly larger size. It is true. Two helium nuclei are formed from the four protons. 1. The notion that ozone is being depleted as a result of human activity has little scientific evidence to support it. black hole, neutron star, white dwarf, *c. Galileo's Observations of the Moon, Jupiter, Venus and the Sun What is the surface temperature of the Sun? Here's a detailed explanation for each option: B) ejected into space by solar flares. Magnetic fields on the sun are produced by the sun's uneven rotation and. B The source of energy that keeps the Sun shining today is is ineffective because so few countries have ratified it. Physics College answered Which of the following statements is NOT true about sunspots? As the cycle ends, it . The core of the Sun is in nebulae composed of gas and dust. five regions beginning with the outermost thermosphere. D) The convection zone is the source of ultraviolet light, and the upper photosphere is the source of X rays. Based on its surface temperature of 6,000 K, most photons that leave the Sun's surface lie in which region of the electromagnetic spectrum? During a time interval of 1.5 s\mu ss in the rest frame of the muons, half of the muons present at the beginning of the interval decay. Laboratory experiments and theory show that fusion produces neutrinos. Re-insert Because of a combination of thin, icy clouds and Antarctic wind patterns which trap chlorine freed from CFCs. When the Sun is near solar maximum, it undergoes a much higher rate of violent activity in the form of solar flares. Sunspots. Which Of The Following Is A True Statement. The core of the Sun is at a temperature of about 20,000 K. The proton-proton chain converts four hydrogen nuclei into one helium nucleus. established a framework to address acid precipitation. A repairman climbs the pole. Over time, solar activityand the number of sunspotsincreases. Sunspots appear in cycles, with high numbers of spots occurring during certain periods and low numbers at others. The "star" appears to wiggle in its path across our sky against, *d. False. young D) trillions of degrees. A) Energy slowly leaks outward through the diffusion of photons that repeatedly bounce off ions and electrons. Why do sunspots appear dark in pictures of the Sun? What happens to the helium-rich core of a star after the core runs, 17. For observers in the Northern Hemisphere, which of the following is true? The presence of sunspots can indicate storms on the sun, which can release bursts of solar energy called solar flares that can interfere with communication systems and cause harm to astronauts in space. A) The Sun's mass is about 300 times the mass of Earth. D) 37,000 K. What is the solar wind? How thick would you need to make this shield to ensure that it can stop a neutrino? Sunspots can appear in pairs or in groups and usually have diameters that are from 4,000 km to 50,000 km in size. composition, temperature, and function. True False. No lakes or streams have been damaged by acid precipitation. D) orange They also can create more auroras and can be a danger to satellites. Which approach gives a more accurate estimate of. Flashcards - AST1002 Exam 2 Review D) The chromosphere and corona are both best studied with radio telescopes. which of the following is not true of sunspots? B) 5 million years. *a. This expansion cools the core back to its normal operating temperature. E) The term solar neutrino problem refers to the fact that neutrinos are extremely difficult to detect. c. D) 11 years ago. C) The chromosphere is the source of X rays, and the corona is the source of radio waves. Question 17. Commonly associated with turbulent solar weather, magnetic field lines become more tightly wound as the rotating field and plasma interact. d. Use the space below to solve this problem. It is intrinsically brighter than the Sun. They are caused by intense magnetic fields that disrupt the flow of plasma, which is a superheated, electrically charged state of matter formed from the gases of the Sun. A protostar of about 1 solar mass is gradually contracting and, becoming Why are neutrinos so difficult to detect? They are distributed approximately uniformly over the Sun's surface both in position and in time. C) of increased magnetic interference. The people living at 40 N or S experience about six-hours difference in daylength from winter to summer. 9. 3. Magnetism is the force that magnets exert when they attract or repel one another. 4). B) 5,800 K. 32. The overall fusion reaction by which the Sun currently produces energy is sunspot equilibria). D) they are more likely to have their electronics "fried" by a solar flare during solar maximum. D) our mathematical models of the solar interior are fairly accurate. A) More sunspots indicate increased solar radiation. A) There's no such thing as a solar neutrino. B B) because they have no mass A) 3 H 1 Li + energy. A) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. D) nuclear fusion. The distance between corresponding points on any two successive waves is known as the. During this time, the number of spots can vary from a few to hundreds at a time. sunspots can be up to 12 times larger than earth. Iron nuclei are so large that they occupy all remaining space and, c. A) Energy is produced in the convection zone by thermal radiation. D) The core would heat up, fusion rates would increase, and the core would re-expand. Anne Danahy The solar spectrum is a good example of what kind of spectrum? DOC www.ucolick.org D) The Sun's gas is on fire like flames from wood or coal, and these flames emit visible light. E) all of the above. Sunspots are regions on the suns surface that appear darker than their surroundings because they feature slightly cooler temperatures than their surroundings. D) The Sun has exhausted its supply of neutrinos. B) Fusion reactions decrease the overall number of particles in the core, causing the core to shrink, converting gravitational potential energy into thermal energy, and increasing the rate of fusion. As the core contracts, it heats up and the core returns to its normal operating temperature. does not work beyond the silicon fusion cycle that produces, *a. B) We did not know how to detect neutrinos. A) photosphere The sunspot cycle, a huge effect, was not discovered until 1843 by Samuel Heinrich Schwabe.The German amateur astronomer was looking for a planet inside the orbit of Mercury and made careful daily drawings to track its passage across the face of the Sun. What is granulation in the Sun? What keeps the Sun's outer layers from continuing to fall inward in a gravitational collapse? What is the term for loops or sheets of glowing gas ejected from active regions on the solar surface? B) We can make a computer model of the Sun's interior that allow us to predict the observable properties of the Sun. B C) The Sun's entire magnetic field flip-flops at the end of each cycle (at solar minimum). C) 4 H becomes 1 He + energy. B) Earth's upper atmosphere tends to expand during solar maximum, exerting drag on satellites in low orbits. B) core, convection zone, radiation zone, corona, chromosphere, photosphere an elusive, subatomic particle having little or no mass, and. Which of the following is not true of sunspots? About six times as many neutrinos are observed than expected from, c. A) More sunspots indicate increased solar radiation. A) nuclear fission. The Sun formed from a cloud of gas. Why does the Sun emit neutrinos? B) Solar neutrinos are generated by solar winds, but we're in a solar minimum now, so the risk of damage is very low. begins to evolve toward the red giant phase? the nebula caused by the supernova explosion of a massive star. in the rarified space between galaxies. The surface of the Sun is a very busy place. E) all of the above. True False Question 24 (2 points) Which of the following is the correct order for the stages of evolution of a low-mass star, like the Sun? Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle is not true? The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes. which of the following is not true of sunspots? which of the following A) 6 H becomes 1 He + energy. A the larger the stellar mass, the larger the luminosity. What is the common cause of sunspots, flares, and prominences? Follow the model. A) The sunspot cycle is very steady, so that each 11-year cycle is nearly identical to every other 11-year cycle. Another idea was that the Sun shone through chemical burning (like a conventional fire on Earth), but this was dismissed because it could not generate and sustain sufficient brightness. B. Once a month b. A Magnetic fields 8. In the late 1800s, Kelvin and Helmholtz suggested that the Sun stayed hot due to gravitational contraction. A) the Sun is made of material that acts like a liquid acts on Earth. These flares are outbursts of charged particles that can affect radio communications on Earth. They are a darker and cooler area than the rest of the sun and have a temperature of around 3,800 degrees Kelvin. B. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. Which of the following can be used to determine the temperature of a B) "sunquakes" are caused by similar processes that create earthquakes on Earth. D) core, corona, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? A) solar neutrinos B) It is the primary energy generation mechanism in the Sun today. They usually appear in groups in pairs, or in clusters called active regions, and can last anywhere from days to months. Solution. E) radiation zone. B D) We are seeing hot gas rising and cool gas falling due to the convection that occurs beneath the surface. Hydrogen fusion in the Sun requires a temperature (in Kelvin) of. From which region of the Sun does the solar wind originate? Sunspots are dark patches on the surface of the Sun that vary from a few hundred kilometers to tens of thousands of kilometers in diameter. Galileo's Daughter: A Historical Memoir of Science, Faith, and Love is a book by Dava Sobel published in 1999. B. ionization energy is the amount of energy used to add an electron to an atom. B) gravitational force and outward pressure how (or if) their lifetimes depend on mass. The magnetic fields underlying sunspots are believed to be generated by the suns rotation, which causes a dynamo effect and creates the intense magnetic fields. more mass than the four hydrogen atoms, because energy is. Which of the following is currently a big mystery to solar physicists? At the time the hypothesis was suggested, what major problem was identified with the idea that the Sun was powered by gravitational contraction? (B), Which of the following is not a reason for the seasons? Sunspots are temporary dark spots that appear on the surface of the Sun. A) chemical reactions increases the temperature to the point where a new nuclear, fusion Briefly describe the phenomena of the sunspot cycle. C) It is rapidly converted to energy when it meets an ordinary electron, resulting in matter-antimatter annihilation. All latitudes on Earth, except the Equator, experience unequal daylengths. Why are humans and other living things not crushed by the pressure of the atmosphere? B) Energy is produced in the convection zone by nuclear fusion. 1.A. Thus, the observations that confirm this prediction support the theory. A geographic information system is a based on the principle that surfaces must be physically handled and directly measured for study. C The helium produced from the fusion of hydrogen has less mass than the hydrogen that goes into its formation. What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? B) use hot gas to create a small Sun in a laboratory. 1) In the late 1800s, Kelvin and Helmholtz suggested that the Sun stayed hot thanks to gravitational contraction. (1gallon of water is 8.36 pounds), Question 5 of 20 to force it to move in an orbit. Explain the reasoning that led to our understanding of nuclear energy being the source of the Sun's light. Granulation or the mottled appearance of the whole solar surface is. mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor. The temperature of the Sun's photosphere is, 11.
