That said, the shortage of the blood supply has proven challenging. Aim: Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in -thalassemia samples. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6114. Symptoms of moderate anemia may include: Beta thalassemia is caused by a genetic mutation inherited from one or both of your parents. beta thalassemia - NIH Director's Blog Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. What are the risks of having COVID if you have beta thalassemia? Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2014. Beta thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. 2021.doi:10.1016/j.htct.2021.04.003, Dalamaga M, Karampela I, Mantzoros CS. COVID-19: beta-thalassemia subjects immunised? - Semantic Scholar When a population has people with pre-existing immunity, as the T cell studies may be indicating is the case, the herd immunity threshold based on an R 0 of 2.5 can be reduced from 60% of a population getting infected right down to 10%, depending on the quantity and distribution of pre-existing immunity among people, Gupta's group calculated. Information for people with thalassemia - COVID-19 Vaccine Autoimmune diseases like Sjgrens syndrome can be difficult to diagnose. 2020;95(8):E208-E210. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). (2022). If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you have beta-thalassemia minor. Farid Y, et al. Summary document for interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized or approved in the United States. 2020;7:306.doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00306, Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Hemoglobinopathy and COVID-19, Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. (2021). doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0213. Needs T, et al. But if you only have the trait, you may have a slightly increased risk of high blood pressure or anemia during pregnancy, according to 2022 research. Hemoglobin is the component of red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues of the body. "There is no real benefit for the individual person," said Torben Barington, DMSc, a clinical professor of immunology at the University of Southern Denmark and co-author of the early Danish study. What We Know, 25% chance their child wont have thalassemia trait, 50% chance their child will have thalassemia trait, 25% chance their child will have a severe form of thalassemia. This complication should be monitored and treated as it is for people with other forms of preexisting heart disease. It is possible to have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. COVID-19 in benign hematology: emerging challenges and special considerations for healthcare professionals. (2022). This condition can cause abrupt changes in blood pressure or heart rate that may worsen a person's condition during a COVID-19 infection. Sadly, the reduction in the blood supply has led many people with thalassemia to receive fewer transfusions than usual, prompting healthcare providers caring for people with the condition to look for options that may reduce the need for or frequency of transfusions. The results align with the results of other studies from countries around the world. "We all recognize that we're not the same, but we have not been able, on a genetic basis, very often, to determine whether certain people with certain genes are more or less susceptible to get an infection if they're exposed to a germ," said William Schaffner, MD, an infectious disease specialist, and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. The information in this article is current as of the date listed. Some genes contribute to the alpha chain, while others contribute to the beta chain. Epub 2022 Jul 5. Some of the publications discussing pregnancy in a patient with COVID19 infection mentioned thalassemia, thalassemia trait, and thalassemia minor in the list of comorbidities in the description of their included patients characteristics. Facial Presentation in People with Beta-Thalassemia Major, The Hidden Signs You May Have a Red Meat Allergy From a Tick Bite, Alpha Thalassemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More, Alopecia Areata and Diet: Foods to Eat and Avoid. Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? Chowdhury SF, Anwar S. Management of hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the excess amount of iron, contributing to oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, alters the immune system in -thalassemia, which is important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hemoglobin normally is made of four chainstwo alpha chains and two beta chains. Nutrition. Two recently published studies have found that people who recover from COVID-19 develop antibodies that may last almost a year. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. However, the results of studies have differed regarding how beta thalassemia affects outcomes. Med (Lausanne). A Study Says These 4 Factors May Predict Persistent Symptoms, Journal of the American Medical Association, CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Sotiriou S, et al. They only have one mutated HBB gene from their parents. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. If you have a family history of thalassemia, you may want to know whether you carry the trait. What to Know About Thalassemia and COVID-19. Mark S. Lesney. Lansiaux E, et al. However, some limited evidence suggests that certain types of thalassemia may have some protective effect against COVID-19. Everybody except for 1 of the 16 people in the study required regular blood transfusions. Blood banking and transfusion medicine challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also had a higher chance of developing severe symptoms but didnt have higher rates of ICU admission. 2020;6(9):FSO628. In fact, some people prefer being able to communicate with their healthcare providers from the comfort of their own home. Methods: A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Marhaeni W, Felicia FV, Sumadi Jap AL, Hartoyo E, Andayani P. Front Med (Lausanne). Vitamin and mineral supplementation for -thalassemia during COVID-19 pandemic. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you are a silent carrier for alpha-thalassemia. The information in this story is accurate as of press time. Some studies estimate the worldwide prevalence of alpha-thalassemia trait to be as high as 5%. ", Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Susceptibility of -Thalassemia Heterozygotes to COVID-19. (2022). People with beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe disease or death, but studies are conflicting at this time. Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. They also indicate that haemochromatosis type 1 might confer some protection. Researchers found inconsistent findings but did identify certain trends suggesting that blood type A might predispose one to increased susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), or that type O and Rh-negative blood groups might be protective. The most important thing you can do is make sure you are vaccinated and stay up to date on when boosters are needed. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Prevalence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in transfusion dependent and non-transfusion dependent -thalassemia patients and effects of associated comorbidities: an Iranian nationwide study. Acta Biomed. Treatment can consist of blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. Doctors sometimes incorrectly prescribe iron supplements for people with thalassemia trait if they mistake their symptoms for iron deficiency. Accessibility Experts say that, There are many different types of anemia. Most people with beta thalassemia major have symptoms within the first 2 years of life. A protein called the Rh factor can also be present (+) or absent (-) from the blood. Vitamin and mineral supplementation for -thalassemia during COVID-19 Your body produces a variety of different cells that fight invading germs. eCollection 2023. Most hemoglobin is made up of alpha and beta chains. Guidelines for the Management of NonTransfusion Dependent Thalassaemias, 2nd ed. A comprehensive review of studies published in Seminars in Vascular Surgery in September 2021 examined peer-reviewed journal articles published from March 2020 to January 2021. Al-Shamsi HO, Alhazzani W, Alhuraiji A, Coomes EA, Chemaly RF, Almuhanna M, Wolff RA, Ibrahim NK, Chua MLK, Hotte SJ, Meyers BM, Elfiki T, Curigliano G, Eng C, Grothey A, Xie C. Oncologist. These transplants should proceed. In a 2022 study, researchers found that people with beta thalassemia minor had a higher chance of dying from COVID-19 than people in the general population. For example, some of the common complications and coexisting conditions caused by thalassemia may also worsen COVID-19. Epidemiological Surveillance of SARSCov2 in -Thalassemia Patients in the Last Two Years: Reinfection Rate, Insights and Future Challenges. Doctors and researchers have looked at the evidence. In a preprint review of studies from late July 2022, researchers examined how beta thalassemia minor affects outcomes of COVID-19. People with thalassemia often experience similar COVID-19 complications as those without thalassemia, but they may be at greater risk for certain problems. Experts Explain. . COVID19 in a pregnant patient with betathalassemia major: A case 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Lynne Eldrige, MD, is a lung cancer physician, patient advocate, and award-winning author of "Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time. When there isn't enough hemoglobin, the body's red blood cells don't function properly and they last shorter periods of time, so there are fewer healthy red blood cells traveling . ; 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences . Eur J Haematol. Thalassemia: Types, Traits, Symptoms & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic Epub 2020 Sep 15. Blood transfusions are a mainstay of treatment for some people with thalassemia. If the mutation affects two genes, you have alpha-thalassemia minor. While the research is early and there is much left to be learned, people who have thalassemia (at least some types) may be more susceptible to contracting coronavirus and having a serious outcome. In thalassemia, the body is unable to make either alpha or beta chains in adequate amounts. Metabolism. While it's always helpful to know your blood type, most people won't necessarily need to know that information. SARSCoV2 infection in beta thalassemia: preliminary data from the Italian experience. We avoid using tertiary references. Home isolation in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with SARS CoV2 infection: Experience from a developing country. Some people have been re-infected multiple times with the virus, while others appear to have avoided the virus entirely. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or beta-thalassemia trait, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/alpha-thalassemia/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703506/, rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/thalassemia-major/, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijlh.12527, hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-thalassemia, thalassemia.org/i-have-a-thalassemia-trait/, journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0969141314548203, stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-022-02768-5, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7326097/, gimjournal.org/article/S1098-3600(21)02253-X/fulltext, cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html, nhlbi.nih.gov/health/thalassemia/pregnancy, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00404-022-06519-y, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8955557/, thalassemia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/WhatIsThalTrait_sm.pdf, Everything You Need to Know About Thalassemia. COVID Natural Immunity: What You Need to Know Recessive means that you need two copies of the faulty gene to have the disease. 2020;15(1):265.doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0, Piga A, Perrotta S, Gamberini MR, et al. There are a number of factors that might increase the chances of a person with thalassemia being exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Biochemistry, hemoglobin synthesis. Expert Rev Hematol. Six had their spleens removed. Can You Get a COVID Vaccine If You Have Beta Thalassemia? - Healthline
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