Such rules as (Isidore, 2010) observes, will cover the lexical, grammatical, figures of speech, context and cohesion categories; it describes the elements of language used in conveying a certain subject matter. In order to understand what practical English stylistics is, study a text and ask yourself questions like why particular features of language have been used and not others. Ehrlich, (1990) informs us that the tradition at the inception of the evolution of modern linguistics was for analysts to confine the analysis of a text to the sentence domain of which was, then, regarded as the largest unit with an inherent structure. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. But in recent times, the focus has gradually shifted from the authors theme to how meanings and effects are communicated in literary or non-literary texts. However, the specific purpose of the study includes: 1) To identify the patterns of graphology found in Ushies poetry? Graphological devices include punctuation (comma, full stop, colon, semi-colon, and quotation marks, etc. Where might I find a copy of the 1983 RPG "Other Suns"? Deviation on the other hand happens to be the sharpest way through which a writer foregrounds his intention and achieves aesthetics. 3 0 obj Like literary criticism, stylistics is interested in the message of the work, and how effectively it is delivered. Graphetic contains features that help to foreground a text eg (italics, underlining, bolding, irregular spelling, capitalization, font size) Phonetic features comprises of spoken languages e.g voice quality Phonological/Graphological level Language In graphologial level of you consider features like punctuations, spellings, spacing of words 2.1.5 Between Stylistic Analysis and Literary Criticism: A Conceptual Separation stylistics is the (linguistic) study of style that is rarely undertaken for its own sake. The present model is occasioned by the need to accommodate the invading trends of graphology and to stand in the gap created by Levenstons and Lennards. The data comprises extracts of speech isolated for analysis at the level of phonology and graphology. Graphology is the study of handwriting as a means of analyzing character. PHONOLOGY It is the study of sound system of a language and also describes formal rules of pronunciation. For instance, both concepts are interested in such features as are beyond the sentence boundary. Foregrounding as a theory was first put forward by Jan Mukrovsky, a don at the University of Prague. The definitions of style do not only point to the instrument used by the writer but by extension, to the characteristics of the writing itself in terms of the formal property of the text and how the writer communicates meaning. Status affects lexical and grammatical level. The sentence structure must arouse the potential consumers' interest or desire to purchase. 2.1.16 Devices of Linguistic Deviation If I have a poem, that is a sonnet, with an octave and a sestet - can you then say that this gap between them is a graphological deviation? to bear on the work. Therefore, we have basically , two types of stylistics: literary and linguistic stylistics. This confusion with vague meaning may be due to its double filiation, i.e graphology as it concerns the study of writing systems, and as it also concerns character analysis based on handwriting. 2.1.6.1 Lexical Level sibilants, emphatic ) It deals with culture and it encompasses social context, age group context, racial context, ideological context as well as political and religious contexts. They also said that the major aim of studying stylistics is to explore the meanings and understand the linguistic features of the text. whether the selected stylistic features do indeed capture the attention of readers, in the sense of making them notice more. Time factor-The choice of vocabulary is highly dictated and effected by the period in which the particular text us produced. (Wales 2001: 182-183). The graphological style of the author is featured Nature of syllables (open or closed) -Word classes or parts of speech It covers how some stylistic devices are applied in the female and male perfume advertising slogans based on four levels: the graphological level, the lexical level, the syntactic level and the semantic level. Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. patterns of writing that distinguish the This author belongs the generation of Nigerian poets often referred to as Contemporary poets. LEXIS & SEMANTICS Lexis concerns word choice; semantics concerns meaning. The converse of this premise (i.e. Onomatopoeic, PRAGMATIC FEATURES The origin of the concept of style can be traced back to the classical school of rhetoric, which regards style as a part of the techniques of persuasion and discusses it under oratory. of pronunciation. A detailed explanation of the model is provided afterwards. More remarkably, none of Ushies collections has been studied at the level of dissertation, yet, Ushie is a renowned poet whose beautifully complex sentence types and structures, intelligent lexical and graphological foregrounding cannot be overemphasis. unit). GRAPHOLOGY It is the study of hand writing. The knowledge gained from the study of pedagogical stylistics will help students in understanding how language, grammar and rhetoric function in texts. As a critical concept, style has been the focus of attention for centuries and has been studied from various perspectives. language in order to facilitate the 2.3.2 Graphological Features. Longe and Ofuani (1996:359) see it as solely concerned with the investigation of the artistry of language usage in literature. As a matter of fact, scholars of stylistics have scarcely given this poet a deserving attention. Punctuations 2.1.15 The Place of Deviation in Stylistics The A style is a certain manner, approach or way in which something is said, . Style as a concept is usually perceived as being common and elusive. In analyzing a text, the business of a stylistician is to look at many features of the text. conversations. 1.Morphological level word/s ); adverbs as modifiers, determinants and so on will be investigated. What are graphological features? and forming systemic use of sound in phonological devices are alliteration, Although both scholars cover the concept of graphology to a considerable extent, Lennard is devoted to composition and punctuation. The use of the word may be unfamiliar. 4.1 Graphological level This can be identified by looking at words in italics, capital letters, bold letters, words that are underlined, and so on. Introduction Eigenvalues of position operator in higher dimensions is vector, not scalar? Stylistic features like graphology, syntax, lexis and semantics are looked into. It refers to the conscious attempt of flouting the linguistic norms for the purpose of foregrounding, revealing or defining the authors style or peculiarities. Assonance Some language teachers were of the opinion that works that prominently made a foregrounded use of linguistic tools were especially suited to show language in action. Elision, alliteration, liaison Graphological features of scientific language - It makes frequent use of diagrams, figures, graphs, charts, maps, tables, etc. Foregrounding is a deliberate act of making a feature prominent or important. The context level can also be referred to as the pragmatic level of stylistic analysis. Pedagogical stylistics has at least two facets. The detailed analysis will lead to more accurate understandings of the language in order to let the readers better understand this variety. Also called handwriting analysis. Singapore 369977. with the description of formal features of a text and their functional importance. He further opines that the critic should be able to draw a distinction between the two types of context: linguistic and non-linguistic context. Graphologists note suchRead More 4.3.5 Hill Songs (2000) 2.1.6.5 Context Level: It was an instrument, a special kind of a stick, also called reed which was used to write. Available literatures in the field of stylistics reveal the fact that traditionally, stylistics is concerned with the study of style in language. environment created by the poet in a There is a gap between the octave and sestet of the sonnet. analysis focuses on the analyzing sound Keywords: Graphology, Pedagogy, Stylistics, Deviation, Foregrounding and Multimodality, Table 1 - Levenstons (1992) Model of Graphology, Table 2 - Lennards (2005) Model of Graphology, Table 3 - Present Studys Model of Graphological Categorization, Table 4 - Statistical Presentation of Selected Poems, Table 5 - Summary of Response to Research Question. There are different linguistic levels of analyzing a literary or non-literary text. Style can vary depending on the oral written. Style is most often discussed in the context of literary studies. This wise claim and assertion suffices my doubt about individual abilityit is as minute as the mustard seed. ), Questions that can help one analyze a text, Do not miss all our updates on English stylistics. Do not sell or share my personal information. Graphological Level, Lexical Level, Grammatical Level, Semantic Level / Discourse Level, Pragmatic Level. This can be seen in two ways. the study of semantics, word formation, How graphological deviation may affect an authors meaning and produce aesthetic effects has been the major focus of scholars within the stylistics jurisdiction in recent times. This can be identified by looking at words in italics, capital letters, bold letters, words that are underlined, and so on. Text Analysis in Stylistics. judged by the reader through the ESQUIJO FLORES In spite of this simplicity, style, technically could imply different things to different people. It is as new as stylistics itself. Furthermore, Enkvist (1973: 92) observes that linguistic stylistics differs from literary criticism where brilliant intuitions and elegant, often metaphoric, verbalizations of subjective responses are at a premium. The origin of style is traceable to the Latin word stilus, meaning a pointed instrument used for writing. It was first introduced into use in linguistic studies in the sixties by McIntosh in the year 1961. Style is chiefly linguistic, though in some cases graphological features, the layout or arrangement of text, and even the physical characteristics of a text may contribute to a style. 2.2 Background of the Author E.g. 3.8 Method of Data Analysis, Chapter Four: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION Again, students whose interests are narrowed into the field of literary stylistics need an articulated and current work in the field to update their knowledge. The levels of stylistic analysis according to Khan and Jabeen (2015) are basically lexical, syntactic or grammatical, phonological, semantic, context and graphological. 2 8 Love What do you call the "narrator" of lyric poem? By continuing to use this site, well assume you agree to the use of Cookies. However, Lennards (2005) proposal differs from that Levenstons (1992) in its aim and scope. Deviation as a concept has received a special interest from stylisticians. Stylistic features of each. have: Paragraph, orthographic The result of the study revealed that 2 STYLISTIC FEATURES 2.1 GRAPHOLOGICAL LEVEL In religious language foregrounding of the style as well as of theme is frequently found. Traditional, Modern and Linguistic Concept of S Stylistics and its relation with linguistics and literature, Discourse analysis (Linguistics Forms and Functions), Transformational Grammar by: Noam Chomsky, 20196306 introduction-to-discourse-analysis. So, stylistics is a bridge science, creating a bond between linguistics and literature (Akwanya 2006:163). In other words, it synergizes or sits athwart the boundary between linguistics and literature; ensuring their interdependence. 2.1 Conceptual Framework By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. I am grateful to God who supplied me the ability, patience and grace to carry out an elongated research of this sort.always counting on Him, for higher heights. 5.1 Research Questions Examples of person deixis are : Whose, her, his Within stylistics, the original motivation for the work was to examine how stylistic features in fiction can apparently be used to highlight key plot and thematic moments (Emmott, "Reading for Pleasure" and "Responding to Style"), guiding the interpretation of readers at these points. 2 Style and the Scope of Stylistics The concept of style has a wide currency since it is applied to various spheres of human activity characteristic of an individual (to have a personal style), a distinct personality (the style of Hemingway), periods (the baroque style), individual tone adopted in conversation (a patronizing style), mode of tradition (to live in style), living, fashion, etc. Look at the table below, taken . level, syntactic level, graphological level and semantic level. What does "spinning upon the shoals" mean? Keywords: Stylistic analysis, graphological, phonological, morphological, lexico-syntactic patterns 1. Stylistics hardly develops a theory of its own; instead, it relies so much on theories developed from other disciplines such as literature, photography, psychology, history and a lot more others. However, such a deliberate use of sounds will also have meaning since one does not use language in a vacuum. also a branch of semantics which allow Stylistics is only a part of applied linguistics family and not a core branch; this is because it is concerned with the practical methods of assisting in the explanation of intuitive reader responses to a work of literature without any criticism of badness or goodness of the writing. 2.1.4 Approaches to stylistic analysis 4. graphological level, lexico-syntactic level, morphological level, phonological level, stylistics . of each language Anaphora: when we refer back to the situation, things, Factors of individuality-handwriting, lexical levels-words that one is fond of using. Notwithstanding the few setbacks that enwrap the proposals of these two scholars, their works constitute a valuable contribution to the study of graphology. Many scholars have all shared their diverse views about the levels of stylistic analysis. Generally speaking, both linguistic stylistics and literary criticism are concerned with the quest for matter and manner in a literary work of art. Person deixis: These are used to point things and This research employed stylistics as the tool to analyze the poems. 5. Style is comparing a set of gestures with another in terms of deviation from the norm for instance, semantic rule and phonological rule. Then can you please explain this article "Owen`s poem Anthem for Doomed Youth is also graphologically deviant. Your email address will not be published. Verdonk (2002) in his observation puts it that style does not arise out of a vacuum rather, its production, purpose, and effect are deeply embedded in the particular context in which both the writer and the reader of the text play their distinctive roles. 2.4 Review of Related Literature. In summary, Stylistics is concerned with the writers deployment of the formal properties of a text and how readers interact with the language of (literary and non-literary) texts in order to explain how we understand, and are affected by texts when we read them. Kenyayote.com is an Education news site that is dedicated to covering the Education Industry.Copyright 2023 Kenyayote.com . This study is limited to graphological level of linguistic stylistic analysis, for two obvious reasons: firstly, the research did not consider the other levels, for avoidance of deficiency and awkwardness, having studied six poetry collections; secondly, the research is not on General Stylistics which analyses nonliterary variety of language or registers. Graphology, unlike other linguistic genres such as syntax, phonetics or morphology, is a controversial concept whose meaning tends to be blurred. A branch of rhetoric in ancient Greece, eloctio was specially related to the relation between form (vorba) and content (res) and the characteristic features of literary language. (2) Device: The linguistic instrumentality designed to achieve a particular stylistic effect. For others the former would only be appropriate for advanced learners. 1.1 Background to the Study Modality-comprise of specific features that are chosen deliberately to produce an overall conversionalised format of language (a report, letter, speech. 2.3 Features of Linguistic Stylistics. (Harris, 1995) Graphologists note such elements as the size of individual letters and the degree and regularity of slanting, ornamentation, angularity, and curvature. It is basically concerned with the understanding of technique or the craft of writing. The study adopted Foregrounding and Multimodality as theoretical frameworks to the stylistic interpretations of the poetry of this author. that makes up a writer's style are: Although this definition appears in fourth position, there is however, a third possibility when defining graphology which consists of giving prominence to its linguistic value. Graphology offers the reader a solid impression by communicating the exact mind of the writer. How to subdivide triangles into four triangles with Geometry Nodes? At different instances, most attempts at studying this author are based on journal articles, the example of Rome Abohs Proverbs and Euphemisms as Discourse Strategies in Joe Ushie's Poetry. Index Terms. In order to highlight the semiotic potential of type-face, (Van Leeuwen & Jewitt, 2001) have delved into the creation of meaning through certain graphological elements such as typography, print layout as well as colour. 2. It is used in order to catch the attention of the audience instantly. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. [] Graphology can also refer to the writing system of a language, as manifested in handwriting and typography; and to the other related features [] e.g. It is the study of handwriting (especially as an indicator of the writer's character or disposition). In stylistics, deviation is a style. Similarity features-similarity features are normally temporary. written. In literary stylistics one goes ahead to give additional information that will assist in understanding the text. The study was a stylistic analysis of the syntactic features and cohesive devices in the columnists use of language in Nigerian Newspapers. Graphology is a linguistic level of analysis that comprises the study of graphic aspects of language1. Analysis in stylistics, therefore involves a range of general language qualities, which include diction, sentence patterns, structure and variety, paragraph structure, imagery, repetition, emphasis, arrangement of ideas and other cohesive devices. What does graphological deviation mean in stylistics analysis? It is based on the premise that stylisticians who are involved with teaching should be aware of the pedagogical orientation and reading paradigms which inform their practice. Deixis -these, Do not sell or share my personal information. In the later years, Halliday, McIntosh and Strevens (1964:50) expanded the concept of graphology to include spellings, punctuations, capitalizations, italicizations and many other graphic resources related matters in language. In this paper, the graphological features such as capitalization, font-face, colours, punctuation, layout, spelling and paragraphing will be looked at as well as their stylistic relevance to the advert. contrasts of stress, and phoneme The use of punctuation marks can equally create stylistic effects. Therefore, to interpret a text stylistically both external and internal evidence are needed. This is why the present study specifically addresses how the author communicates meaning through the device of graphology. The concept of style as deviation is informed by the notion that certain rules and conventions exist in the study of language and a conscious departure from these common practices for the purpose of aesthetics and meaning delivery constitutes the background for the understanding of the term: deviation. (2015:128) study by mentioning five levels in stylistics such as phonetic level, phonological level, graphological level, grammatical level, and lexical level. Special acknowledgement goes to the Almighty God, the author and finisher of faith, the alpha and omega, for His sustenance and benevolence. Graphology is the study of language in print; a stylistic instrument which makes Ushie's writing peculiarity an illustrating example of style as deviation from the actual linguistic norm. 2.1.8 Levels of analysis within the Graphological Framework: Enquiries into previous Categorization Spelling, lexical features 2.1.6.4 Phonological Level In turn, because of the role of English in the world and the status of World Englishes, there has been a growing awareness of the need for highly profiled environments in which English is taught as a Foreign Language (EFL), for example. organized in units (tone 3.5 Validation of the Instrument Hyphens the features which are signaled out to At the semantic level, words may be used to produce denotative, connotative, collocative, affective, thematic, or stylistic meanings based on the speakers or writers intention. He has to his credit, six poetry collections and other literary publications. Toolan (1998) defines it as the study of the language in literature. This is because they could be conditioned by diverse factors like heredity, training and even experience. In summary, both literary and linguistic stylistics should be considered for the process of stylistic analysis to come to a stylistically appropriate interpretation. What's the most energy-efficient way to run a boiler? 4 Stylistic Features of Language Speech communication employs a host of expressive means ranging from linguistic to paralinguistic and extralinguistic features. a study that relies heavily on the rules guiding the operation of the language in the explication of a literary text) is what we regard here as linguistic stylistics (2010:36). They write the words in such a way without any boundaries in lines, space, or rhymes. Graphology: Definition, Explanation, Purpose & Examples English Graphology Graphology Graphology 5 Paragraph Essay A Hook for an Essay APA Body Paragraph Context Essay Outline Evidence Harvard Hedging Language Used in Academic Writing MHRA Referencing MLA Opinion Opinion vs Fact Plagiarism Quotations Restate Summarize Summary Works Cited In connection with the latter conception, stylistics critics have criticized the procedure of some linguistic stylisticians who pride themselves in the elaboration of form in textual analysis at the expense of the message and values (content) of the text. 5. 2.1.4.2 Literary Stylistics (status/social dialect), Which period of English was the text written (Time), Does the text involve speaking or writing? linguistic description we focus on This non-linguistic meaning is further complicated by the uneven treatment that graphology has received from previous researchers. | Managed by Kyote Internet Group |. According to Carter and Stockwell (2008), pedagogical stylistics developed in the 1970s and became very practical as one way of evading the attacks leveled at stylistics. before. need to be distinguished and put through an analysis to find out the foregrounding and the derivation. Style can also be know as the various ways of saying something, Language variation varies depending on the status and social situation, Variation can also be brought about by degree of formality. In this article stylisticsanalysis of deviation . The central question in stylistics is how a text means and language undoubtedly remains the central medium through which a writers style is revealed. Moreover, the role of quantification depends on how necessary it is to prove ones point intuition has a respectable place both in linguistics and criticism. This 11 paper however, examined objectivity in Maya Angelous Still I Rise. We are responding. Stanley E. Fishs article What is Stylistics and why are they Saying such Terrible Things about it? in Essays in Modern Stylistics (1981) says: Stylistics was born of a reaction to the subjectivity and imprecision of literary studies. further linguistic or stylistic analysis: 2.3. This level is concerned with how sound devices function in achieving stylistic significance in texts. Stylistics as a branch of literary criticism emerged in continental Europe in the early twentieth century. Although this assertion may raise a seeming contrast between the terms linguistic stylistics and literary stylistics, a definition of these terms provided by Isidore can remove this confusion: Stylistics is the scientific study of style. Look at the sentence in terms of length (short and long sentences), Simples sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and complex compound sentences, For instance, those that uses interrogative sentences, Look at the different types of English clause I.e phrases, The internal structure of a word. It describes patterns of writing that distinguish the writer's style, for example capitalization, punctuation, spacing and so on. When we concentrate in It views graphology as the inference of character from a persons handwriting. 5. are where, there, here, etc. The collocation range of this word enfolds almost every sphere of human activity. Van Peer (1993), for instance, considered typographic foregrounding and its evolution as a The graphological level: In this respect, stylistics is interested in how the writer uses the graphic resource of his language to give expression to his ideas and achieve his effects.
