Its adherents were called Canaanites ( Hebrew: ). Appro. Church of Sweden: Overview & History | What is the Church of Sweden? Canaanite Religion - Noll - 2007 - Wiley Online Library Eightfold Path in Buddhism | Origin, Purpose & Steps. Bronze Age Canaanite temples usually consisted of a large room, together with a porch and courtyard. Beit Din Rabbinical Court Origin & Purpose | What is Beit Din? Astarte, whom late Greek writers describe as the personification of sexual passion, comparable to Aphrodite, often interchanges with Asherah in the Bible, where both are mentioned with Baal. The Canaanite religion precedes Judaism, the Jewish monotheistic religion. He agreed, but Baal boldly declared that he will defeat Yam, despite Yam's being endorsed by El. Jesus Ministry In Jerusalem Philistines - World History Encyclopedia Apostle Paul Life & Significance | Who was Saint Paul in the Bible? The myth began with the recounting of a violent battle between Ba'al, the storm god, and Yam, the god of the sea, to determine who should be lord of the land. His epithets include "the Rider of the Clouds," and "the Mighty One." 2001 C.R.E REVISION KIT In Egypt, moreover, at a very early date Astarte and Anath borrowed one another's attributes, but the Egyptian papyrus Chester Beatty 7 does preserve a reminiscence of what is probably the original concept of Anath. Approximately 2000 B.C., the Amorites invaded the area, having migrated via the Fertile Crescent from the southern Mesopotamian Valley. But the identity of the ancient inhabitants of the land of Canaan is a matter of some dispute. Dead relatives were venerated and sometimes asked for help.[26][27]. Christian Science Beliefs & Origin | What is Christian Science? New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article St. George's Cross | History, Uses & Significance. Its rites were public exercises aimed primarily to secure fertility of man and land; and while it doubtless inspired feelings of individual pietywitness the numerous votive inscriptions in Phoenicianit was in essence an expression of communal economy. The Canaanite religion was the group of ancient Semitic religions practiced by the Canaanites living in the ancient Levant from at least the early Bronze Age through the first centuries AD. Canaanite religion | Britannica Dvaita Vedanta Origin & Significance | What is Dvaita? In cities, the king had a particularly important relationship with the local patron deity. Egypt, Ancient Israel and Canaanite Religion - Claude Mariottini The Amorites laterassumed control of Canaan and some believe that the Canaanites were themselves a southern branch of the Amorites, a Semitic group. Pentecost National Elections Canaanite Religion: Overview & Gods | Religion of Ancient Canaan Michaelmas History, Celebration & Overview | Feast of the Archangels, Hebrew Calendar History, Components & Overview | Jewish Calendar, Santera Saints: History, Facts & Symbols | Gods of Santera. The Canaanite religion was the group of ancient Semitic religions practiced by the Canaanites living in the ancient Levant from at least the early Bronze Age through the first centuries AD. The nether world and the barren places were the realm of Mt, "Death," the genius of aridity and sterility. Khalsa Origins, Founders & Symbols | What is the Khalsa Tradition? Matins Overview, History & Significance | What is Matins? It was polytheistic/comprised of many gods and goddesses. Roman Paganism: History, Gods & Beliefs | What was Roman Paganism? A popular Canaanite god was Kthar, whose nature was not understood until the Ugaritic data made it possible to interpret already available material. With Mot defeated, Ba'al is able to return and refresh the Earth with rain. Faith And Gods Promises: Abraham Revelation: Composition & Content | The Last Book of The Bible. What were three characteristics of the Israelite religion? 136), and acts as a wet nurse to offspring begotten by Baal, presumably for the purpose of imparting to the infants in question some of her martial spirit. In the Baal Cycle, Ba'al Hadad is challenged by and defeats Yam, using two magical weapons (called "Driver" and "Chaser") made for him by Kothar-wa-Khasis. HIERARCHY OF BEINGS The deities listed below are the major ones mentioned in the Ugaritic and additional local texts, though various others were worshipped alongside them. Although child sacrifice was known to surrounding peoples, there is no reference to it in ancient Phoenician or Classical texts. They had both gods and goddesses 4. W. F. Albright, for example, says that El Shaddai is a derivation of a Semitic stem that appears in the Akkadian shad ("mountain") and shadd' or shadd'a ("mountain-dweller"), one of the names of Amurru. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. One of the sacrificial animals, a complete donkey, was found beneath the foundations of a building, leading to speculation this was a 'foundation deposit' placed before the building of a residential house. Similarly Athirat (known by her later Hebrew name Asherah), Athtart (known by her later Greek name Astarte), and Anat henceforth were portrayed wearing Hathor-like Egyptian wigs. ." Donation of Constantine | Forgery, History & Facts. Book of Hours: Purpose, History & Imagery | What is a Book of Hours? The Canaanites were farmers; the Israelites were shepherds. The Canaanites play an important role in the story of the Israelites' conquest of their "Promised Land," especially in the Book of Joshua, but the ancient Jewish scriptures contain almost no substantive information about them. Eid al-Adha History & Celebration | What is Eid? Asherah is the embodiment of matronly qualities, the wife and mother, the head of the home and family. Dianic Wicca Origins & Beliefs | What is Dianic Wicca? Church of Alexandria: Overview & History | What is the Church of Alexandria? Though Canaanite religion was substantially the same in all regions of Greater Syria, one must allow for local variations and peculiarities. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Apostles Septuagint Overview, History & Facts | What is the Septuagint? Menorah History, Symbolism & Facts | What is a Menorah? Special Place in the Hebrew Bible, Judaism, and Biblical, ANTHROPOMORPHISM , the attribution to God of human physical form or psychological characteristics. Present-day knowledge of Canaanite religion comes from: Until Claude F. A. Schaefer began excavating in 1929 at Ras Shamra in Northern Syria (the site historically known as Ugarit), and the discovery of its Bronze Age archive of clay tablets written in an alphabetical cuneiform,[43] modern scholars knew little about Canaanite religion, as few records have survived. Atharvaveda Overview & Significance | What is the Atharvaveda? Mawlid History, Facts & Celebration | Eid Milad un Nabi Overview. Elyon (Hebrew: Elyn) is an epithet of the God of Israel in the Hebrew Bible. Gods of Fertility Overview & Facts | What is a Fertility Deity? Haoma Overview, Significance & Facts | What is the Haoma Plant? Egyptian documents from the reign of Senusret II (18971878 BCE) reference kingdoms in the region organized as fortified city-states and led by warrior chiefs. They had a large pantheon of Gods, with El being the supreme deity. Apocryphon of John Origin & Summary | What is the Secret Book of John? Sati, Hindu Goddess: History & Legend | Who is Devi Sati? Cattle were often sacrificed to El and Ba'al, and the Canaanites also performed human sacrifices, including children. Prophet Isaiah CANAANITE RELIGION: AN OVERVIEW The term Canaanite is variously used in both ancient and modern sources. Both where the Old Testament incorporates them, and where it reacts against them, Canaanite religion and mythology continue to exert their impact upon us through the Bible. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Natural Theology Overview & Beliefs | What is Natural Theology? It was polytheistic/comprised of many gods and goddesses. Kings also played an important religious role and in certain ceremonies, such as the hieros gamos of the New Year, may have been revered as gods. Tara the Buddhist Goddess | Origin, Mythology & Forms. After the palace is constructed, Ba'al gives forth a thunderous roar out of the palace window and challenges Mot. Papyrus seems to have been the preferred writing medium, and these documents have simply decayed. His forge was located in kptr, Biblical Caphtor, which is probably Crete. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Religion among the Canaanites, however it may have varied from place to place, was also more a public institution than a private experience. Russian Orthodox Church Origin & Beliefs | What is Russian Orthodoxy? The idea of two mountains being associated here as the breasts of the Earth, fits into the Canaanite mythology quite well. By one account, there are 240 divine names and epithets found at Ugarit. Henotheism Overview, History & Examples | What is Henotheism? ), as well as small birds and doves. Ugaritic-Canaanite Religion | Encyclopedia.com Yahweh was the Hebrew god that was declared to Moses on Mt. Wailing Wall Overview, History & Location | What is the Kotel? November 2021 In actual cult, the mythological figure of Baal was identified in each locality with the peculiar genius loci; hence one encounters him under such diverse titles as "Baal of Sidon," "Baal ammn," and "Baal Addr." Encyclopedia.com. Though there were forms that could not be integrated into Yahwism, there were other forms, such as sacred poetry, music, and architecture, which were taken over and made the organ of Israelite religion. Though Anath is the best attested of the three main goddesses, it is not clear whether her original attributes were sensuality and fertility, or strength and martial ardor. Sabbath Overview & Significance | What is the Sabbath? [44] As a result, the accounts contained within the Bible represented almost the only sources of information on ancient Canaanite religion. Lord Narasimha Overview & Legends | Who is the Hindu Lion God? "Ugaritic-Canaanite Religion Moabites Overview & History | Who were the Moabites in the Bible? B. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament 140). Associated with kingship and oaths, his name appears as a divine witness to international treaties and as a common element in theophoric names. Ise Grand Shrine in Japan | Location, Origin & Significance. Sun Gods Overview, Mythologies & Facts | Who are the Sun Gods & Goddesses? Canaanite religion, beliefs and practices prevalent in ancient Palestine and Syria during the 2nd and 1st millennia bc, centring primarily on the deities El, Baal, and Anath ( qq.v. Etrog History, Significance & Facts | What is the Sukkot Fruit? Q Source Overview, History & Facts | What is the Q Gospel? [34] There are a number of possible etymologies for the word referred. Franciscan Order: History & Facts | What are Franciscan Friars? For example, during the Hyksos period, when chariot-mounted maryannu ruled in Egypt, at their capital city of Avaris, Baal became associated with the Egyptian god Set, and was considered identical particularly with Set in his form as Sutekh. When the Greeks later traded with the Canaanites, this meaning of the word seems to have predominated as they called the Canaanites the Phoenikes or "Phoenicians", which may derive from the Greek word "Phoenix" meaning crimson or purple, and again described the cloth for which the Greeks also traded. The second level consists of the active deities or patron gods, for example Baal, and the third, the artisan gods, for example Kothar-wa-Khasis. There are lists of gods and sacrifices to be offered to them, classes of temple functionaries, and ritual texts mentioning animals for sacrifice. Manichaeism Overview, Theology & History | What is Manichaeism? Protestant History & Beliefs | What is Protestantism? 2023 . It must not be taken for granted that each Canaanite town recognized the sum total of deities revealed to us in the texts. Bodies were buried with grave goods, and offerings of food and drink were made to the dead to ensure that they would not trouble the living. In addition to material that is not here relevant, these tablets contain a series of relatively long mythological poems and of shorter documents relating to the service of the sanctuary. God had warned them against that (Deut. Candlemas Origin & History | What is Candlemas? Rowley, for example, claims that the divine command to destroy the Canaanites in general, or Jericho and its inhabitants in kparticular, and similar episodes in the Old Testament are Discover the Canaanite mythology and history from archeological records. [46], Archaeological excavations in the last few decades have unearthed more about the religion of the ancient Canaanites. The late period of this cosmology makes it difficult to tell what influences (Roman, Greek, or Hebrew) may have informed Philo's writings. Canaanism was a cultural and ideological movement founded in 1939 that reached its peak in the 1940s among the Jews of Mandatory Palestine. LOST SHEEP The Canaanite religion featured worship of the supreme deity, El, and his partner Asherah. KCSE 2012 Israelites July 2019 Star of David: Overview & Symbolism | What is the Magen David? Dashboard Asherah offered herself as a sacrifice if Yam will ease his grip on her children. Rightly Guided Caliphs History & Role | What is the Rashidun? Carried west by Phoenician sailors, Canaanite religious influences can be seen in Greek mythology, particularly in the tripartite division between the Olympians Zeus, Poseidon and Hades, mirroring the division between Baal, Yam and Mot, and in the story of the Labours of Hercules, mirroring the stories of the Tyrian Melqart, who was often equated with Heracles.[41]. The Canaanites were polytheistic. Canaanite Religion - Noll - 2007 - Religion Compass - Wiley Online Library The term Canaanite designates the culture of the region often known as the Levant, roughly comprising the modern entities of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, and Palestine, beginning with the earliest extensive written records in the third millennium bce and ending with the start of the Hellenistic period in the fourth century bce. Canaanite Religion, Temples, Gods and Burial Practices 3. Catholic Epistles: List & Authors | Who Wrote the General Epistles? 695 lessons. This marriage of the divinity with the city seems to have biblical parallels with the stories of the link between Melkart and Tyre, Yahweh and Jerusalem, Chemosh and Moab, and both Tanit and Baal Hammon with Carthage. Tonsure History, Practice & Belief | What is Tonsure? Many of the Canaanite deities found their way into the Greek and Roman pantheon. Hindu Symbols | History, Types & Significance, Canonization History & Process | How to Become a Saint. Book of Tobit Summary & Significance | What is the Book of Tobit? Animal Familiars History & Facts | What is a Familiar Spirit? The head of the pantheon is El, whose titles include "the Creator of Creatures," "the King," "the Bull El," and "the Father of Mankind." Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. (April 28, 2023). Cuban Religion Origin & Beliefs | What is the Religion of Cuba? Sacrificial texts from Ugarit mention various bovines, especially bullocks, and small cattle (rams, ewes, lambs, kids, etc. Flagellants History, Overview & Facts | What is Self-Flagellation? Human Sexuality Salah Prayer History & Practice | What is Salah in Islam? Santería Religion: History, Beliefs & Practices | What is Santería? The Greek sources also describe El as married to Beruth. Statues of deities and public rituals were important to the Canaanite religion. Armenian Apostolic Church | Origin, History & Beliefs. Exam 3 Flashcards | Quizlet The Gods and Goddesses of Canaan | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Chaplain Overview, Types & Functions | What is a Chaplain? There were many important gods and goddesses in the Canaanite religion, including the following: The ancient Canaanite religion was polytheistic. The Canaanite religion included sacrifices to appease the gods. Order of the Solar Temple | History, Beliefs & Facts, Papal Infallibility: Overview & History | The Infallibility of the Pope. Like other ancient cultures, Canaanite society was largely concerned with agricultural themes. Five Percent Nation History & Beliefs | What is Supreme Mathematics? Canaan had to contend with other aggressors besides Egypt. October 2021 Carnival History, Festival & Countries | When is Carnival Season? The nature of the Canaanite religion It was based on nature/cosmic/cyclic/changes in seasons. POLITICAL LEADERS COMESA Laylat al-Qadr Significance & Origin | What is the Night of Power? COMMANDMENTS Amos Kenya Today Cain & Abel Story: Summary & Analysis | Why Did Cain Kill Abel? The Assumption of Mary History & Significance | What is the Assumption? Deacon: Role Origin & Traditions | What is a Deacon? BAAL . WhatsApp_Group_2 Tabernacle of Moses: Overview & Description | What was the Tabernacle? l Elyn is usually rendered in English as "God Most High", and similarly in the Septuagint as ("God the highest").. Canaanite religion describes the belief systems and ritual practices of the people living in the ancient Levant region throughout the Bronze Age and Iron Age. As a result, they eventually received the same judgment the Canaanites experienced (Deut. Epiphany: Date, History & Facts | What is Three Kings' Day? Canaanite religion, a fertility or nature religion, reflected the major concerns of the populace - increase and productivity. Prophecy: Purpose, Beliefs & Religion | What is a Prophecy? Canaanites are mentioned extensively in the Bible, as well as in Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian texts. Four Sights of Buddha | Overview, Story & Importance. Kaaba History & Purpose | What is the Kaaba? He also healed a Romans centurion's paralyzed servant (Matthew 8:5-13). Book of Judith Overview & History | Who is Judith in the Bible? Saints Overview & Role in the Catholic Church | What is a Saint? Prophet Jeremiah Leadership In Israel: David And Solomon Names of God in Judaism | History, Examples & Significance. WhatsApp_Group_3 Dispensationalism Overview & Theology | What is Dispensationalism? 2010 In El Amarna letter 35, belia "my lord" is considered the cause of a recent plague in Cyprus; clearly, Resheph is intended, since in the Legend of King Keret he is described as gathering to himself one-sixth of Keret's family. Different Religions of the World: Overview & Facts | Major Religious Beliefs. In the Urgaritic Baal cycle, Baal, the god of storms and fertility, earns his position as the champion and ruler of the gods by defeating the tyrannical Yam, the god of the sea, and later triumphing over Mot, the god of death. This marriage of the divinity with the city would seem to have Biblical parallels too with the stories of the link between Melqart and Tyre; Chemosh and Moab; Tanit and Baal Hammon in Carthage, Yah and Jerusalem. Fiqh in Islam: Origin & Role | What is Islamic Jurisprudence? Yoruba Religion Mythology & Beliefs | What is the Yoruba Religion? . r. delanghe, "Myth, Ritual, and Kingship in the Ras Shamra Tablets," Myth, Ritual and Kingship, ed. WhatsApp_Group_1 Three Pilgrimage Festivals: Holidays & Facts | What is Shalosh Regalim? Church of Christ Overview & Beliefs | What is the Church of Christ? On the other hand, in the Karatepe inscriptions (see canaan and canaanites) Resheph appears as a god of well-being and prosperity; he is thus a god of health as well as of the plague. El was conceived as a mild old man; one of his titles is "El the Merciful" and the stress on this attribute, according to O. Eissfeldt [Journal of Semitic Studies 1 (1956) 37], may have served to moderate the Israelite concept of the severe Yahweh so as to stress more His paternal gentleness. "At the center of Canaanite religion was royal concern for religious and political legitimacy and the imposition of a divinely ordained legal structure, as well as peasant emphasis on fertility of the crops, flocks, and humans."[39][40]. Angra Mainyu in Zoroastrianism | Overview, Story & Adversary. Maundy Thursday History, Facts & Overview | What is Holy Thursday? The earliest Canaanite places of worship were simple stone or brick altars usually located at a high place. j. gray, The Legacy of Canaan: The Ras Shamra Texts and Their Relevance to the Old Testament (Vetus Testamentum Supplement 5; 2d ed. It was characterized by a growing emphasis on personal religion involving concepts of sin and forgiveness and by a change of the earlier democratic divine polity into an absolute monarchical structure, dominated by the god of the national stateto the point that the pious abstained from all human initiative, in absolute faith and reliance on The Anath of the middle Bronze period was a beautiful, youthful, vigorous, bellicose, even vicious goddess, but not a voluptuous or reproductive one. Form 4 More recently, the detailed study of the Ugaritic material from Ras Shamratogether with inscriptions from the Ebla archive at Tel Mardikh and various other archaeological findshave cast more light on the early Canaanite religion. The chief god, a progenitor of the universe, was El, also known as Elion (biblical El Elyon), who was the father of the divinities. CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WORK maat: Divine order and justice; a central concept in the religion of ancient Egypt. Shamash Overview & Mythology | Who is the Mesopotamian Sun God? The Canaanite Baals were all high gods in their own right. Temple prostitution was part of the worship of gods and goddesses. [44][45], According to The Encyclopedia of Religion, the Ugarit texts represent one part of a larger religion that was based on the religious teachings of Babylon. Bindi Overview & Significance | What is the Forehead Mark on Hindu Women? The Bible, I think, is neither historical nor historiographical, but a secondary collection of tradition. Those documents don't mention Canaan specifically, but this is the right region. Iconographically henceforth, Baal was shown wearing the crown of Lower Egypt and shown in the Egyptian-like stance, one foot set before the other. Vedic Religion: Overview, Origins & Gods | What is Vedism? Catholic Inquisitions History & Facts | What was the Inquisition? However, the date of retrieval is often important. Ouija Board Overview & History | Are Spirit Boards Real? 3. "Ugaritic-Canaanite Religion The Satanic Bible by Anton LaVey | Summary & History. Michael Overview, History & Facts | Who is the Archangel Michael? Samhain Rituals & Traditions | What is the Festival of Samhain? August 2020 The Bible referred to Canaan as the "Promised Land," and God gave it to Abraham and his descendants. Asherah's sacred animal was the lion, and Astarte is sometimes associated with a serpent. German Paganism & Religion | Gods, Values & Symbols. For example, Deuteronomy 32:8-9 indicates a moment when El Elyon assigned Israel to Yahweh: When the Most High (Elyn) divided to the nations their inheritance, he separated the sons of man the Lord's portion is his people, Jacob his allotted inheritance. God Brahma Overview, Facts & Significance | Who is Brahma in Hinduism? The Amidah Prayer Origin & Significance | What is the Amidah Prayer? This popular usage is, however, both too narrow geographically and fraught . Minor Deities. Hamsa History, Symbol & Facts | What is the Hand of Fatima? Baal | Encyclopedia.com Hindu Gods & Goddesses With Many Arms | Overview, Purpose & List, Sukkot Overview, History & Significance | Feast of Tabernacles. The same picture emerges essentially from the sacrificial tariffs of Marseilles and Carthage from c. 4th century b.c. Regional Integration Book of Obadiah in the Hebrew Bible | Summary & Context, Haman the Agagite in the Biblical Book of Esther | Analysis & Facts, Avesta Overview & Facts | Sacred Texts of Zoroastrianism, Gods & Goddesses of Inca Empire | History, Mythology & Powers. September 2020 Christian Approaches To Leisure Whether one sees Israelite religion as growing out of Canaanite religion or being perverted by it, the reality seems to be that Israelite religion did not completely separate from its Canaanite counterpart until the return of the Jews from Babylon or later. by the Hebrews of some elements at least of the religion of their predecessors. The Canaanite religion was influenced by the Mesopotamian religion and it transformed into Christianity and Judaism. Radha Krishna: Story & Significance | Who are Krishna & Radha in Hinduism? These rites have been confirmed by ancient texts written in cuneiform that were discovered in the 1928 excavation of Ugarit. Saturnalia History, Celebration & Influences | What is Saturnalia? Metatron Significance & Facts | Who is the Archangel Metatron? Satanism Beliefs, Types & Rituals | What Do Satanists Believe? Menshen, Chinese Door Gods: History & Legend | What are Menshen? "Who Were the Canaanites?" Augsburg Confession Summary & Facts | What is the Augsburg Confession? Shrove Tuesday: History, Traditions & Names | What is Shrove Tuesday? Afterward, with the help of Athirat and Anat, Ba'al persuades El to allow him a palace. Isma'ilism Origin & Beliefs | What is Isma'ili Islam? False Prophets Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Diwali Overview & Celebration | What is the Festival of Lights? Mystical Spirituality Overview & Facts | What is Mysticism? Genesis Crucifixion History & Examples | What is Crucifixion? Jesus told his disciples to go to the nations with the . Kumbh Mela Pilgrimage & Festival | What is Kumbh Mela? December 2020 Scholasticism Overview & History | What is Scholastic Theology? Sheol in the Hebrew Bible: Overview & Significance | What is Sheol? Though regalitas in the full sense is ascribed only to El, he was no more than titular head of the pantheon and part of the time he seems quite otiose, what anthropologists call a "remote high god." Religious Garments Overview & Types | What is Religious Clothing? EVIL Per the Syro-Palestinian perception of the cosmos, the fourfold hierarchy of the divine realm may be diagrammed as follows: Authoritative Deities: El; Active Deities: Baal; Artisan Deities: Kothar; Messenger Deities: Whereas the Israelites originated as Bronze Age Canaanites, the origin of Yahweh is indeterminate (see, Ancient Israel and Judah were not communities of faith as distinct from any of their neighbours, all of whom had their own deities also. Xiuhtecuhtli History & Ceremonies | Who is the Aztec God of Fire? Most of what is known about Canaanite religion is derived from a series of tablets discovered at Ras Shamra. Mikvah, Jewish Ritual Bath: Overview & Rules | What is a Mikvah? Sutras: History & Importance | What is a Sutra? PDF The Seven Tribes of Canaan February 2021 Until the excavation of Canaanite Ras Shamrathe site historically known as Ugaritand the discovery of its Bronze Age archive of cuneiform clay tablet texts, little was known of Canaanite religion except for accounts in the Hebrew Bible. Creation The Canaanites were a group of ancient people who lived in the land of Canaan on the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Golden Temple: History, Description & Location | The Harmandir Sahib. She figures as a fighter in behalf of Baal (Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament 137), indulges in an orgy of slaughter (ibid. The moon-god Yarikh figures only in the hymn to Nikkal and Ib where the lack of poetic parallelism has led some scholars to suspect that the hymn may be of Hurrian and not Canaanite origin.
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