Plan your visit. And they cling to me, appealing from their fathers. This garment hung so loosely on the figure, that its capacious breast was bare, as if disdaining to be warded or concealed by any artifice. In Stave One of A Still," returned the gentleman, "I wish I Cratchit and her children prepare a Christmas goose and savor the few Christmas treats they can afford. 0 Little ways in money, they abound in love and joy. 11. "Are there no prisons?" said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words. Christmas Carol (December 1843) charity collectors approach Scrooge: "At this festive season of the year, Mr. Scrooge," said Deny it! cried the Spirit, stretching out its hand towards the city. Page 31, STAVE IV. said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words. No change, no degradation, no perversion of humanity, in any grade, through all the mysteries of wonderful creation, has monsters half so horrible and dread. What did Scrooge's nephew and nieces say about him? >> 19 Are there no prisons? R asked Scrooge. As the last stroke ceased to vibrate he remembered the prediction of old Jacob Marley, and lifting up his eyes, beheld a solemn phantom, draped and hooded, corning, like a mist along the ground, towards him. What happens when the spirit tell Scrooge to touch his robe? Who says a squeezing wrenching grasping scraping clutching covetous old sinner? Stave 4. /Parent I will live in the Past, the Present, and the Future. . "Have I the pleasure of addressing Mr. Scrooge, or Mr. Marley?" "Mr. Marley has been dead these seven years," Scrooge replied. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. 18. Oh no, kind spirit! Having them shown to him << 0 (Video) Stave One Quote 6 explained "Are there no prisons?" Besidesexcuse meI don't know that. The prisoners had to work hard with and breaking rocks and running on treadwheels pumping water. His main goal is to get people to stop looking the other way. On the . Are there no workhouses?" Who said this? Brainscape Find Flashcards . How did Scrooge feel when he found out Tiny Tim was going to die? 'Are there no workhouses?'" Who is the spirit quoting? choked themselves, rather than be parties to a lie of such enormous Christmas We now associate Christmas as being a time of seasonal goodwill, love and friendship. /Resources Mockingly, the ghost quotes Scrooge's earlier retort, "Are there no prisons? Identify a problem at school, in your community, or at work. If Scrooge can only survey his life, reconnecting with his sufferings as a lonely boy; witness the impoverished family of his underpaid clerk, Bob Cratchit, and especially his crippled son, Tiny Tim; and see how little his life will have amounted to once it is over he may yet change. This boy is Ignorance. Are there no workhouses?" Click here to read Stave 3 of A Christmas Carol. ", "The Treadmill and the Poor Law are in full vigour, The third spirit, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, shows Scrooge Christmas Day one year later. Dickens incorporated these scenes into his novella. Are there no workhouses?" . Are there no workhouses?" As the last stroke ceased to vibrate, he remembered the prediction of old Jacob Marley, and . The spirit first appears to Scrooge on a throne made of traditional Christmas foodstuffs that would have been familiar to Dickens's more prosperous readers. There is no doubt whatever about that. How are Ignorance and Want presented in Stave 3? Without advertising income, we can't keep making this site awesome for you. 25. In stave 3, Dickens writes, "'Are there no prisons?' said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words. PK ! 21. @GXa wBU\9>/Fc1MKW4\Rqvkk [%' 'Are there no prisons? 0 Admit it for your factious purposes, and make it 13. /Type md0+/]!b.6QEX$ xXp4R-%&q{(KF6E.!gZ*Vu6U)e4VD)CYwRx \@ $|bu4CjpT)gLgdCUpj`!tG^8_P md'ZAkAn"R~)(/9ZiB[> 12. At first the narrator seems somewhat defensive (as in the third paragraph, when she sarcastically responds to the teachers request). While reading the classified ads I came upon one that announced a reading by Charles Dickens of his Christmas tale at a church. How can a person use leftovers to lower his or her food costs? Scrooge reverently did so. 'are there no prisons?' 'humbug' 'I hate Christmas' 'a poor excuse to pick a man's pocket' Question 12 30 seconds Q. [12][13], Dickens's friend and biographer John Forster said that Dickens had 'a hankering after ghosts, while not actually having a belief in them himself, and his journals Household Words and All the Year Round regularly featured ghost stories, with the novelist publishing an annual ghost story for some years after his first, A Christmas Carol, in 1843. ] As recently as 1962, the top marginal income tax rate was 91 percent. A major part of this stave is taken up with Bob Cratchit and his family, who, although poor, love each other and delight in each other's company. "Have they no refuge or resource?" Charity and compassion should not be left up to the government, or to others. 3 chiles An elderly man named Kris Kringle (Gwenn), working as Santa Claus at Macy's in New York City, insists that he is the real deal. appalling children of humanity, Ignorance and Want: They were a boy and girl. in this way, he tried to say they were fine children, but the words 841 endobj Wow! [20], The Spirit shows Scrooge the joys and the hardships experienced by his fellow Man during one Christmas Day, that of the present,[1] taking Scrooge to a joyous market with people buying the makings of Christmas dinner; to celebrations of Christmas in a miner's cottage, a lighthouse, and at his own nephew Fred's Christmas party. The Morgan Library & Museum is open Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday, and Sunday from 10:30 am to 5 pm, and Friday from 10:30 am to 7 pm. How is poverty presented in A Christmas Carol stave 3? endobj 2. Summary Stave Three: The Second of the Three Spirits Summary The church clock strikes one, startling Scrooge, who awakes in mid-snore. 2 litros de agua "Are there no workhouses?" (Stave 3) The second Ghost has taught Scrooge a lesson in personal responsibility. "Are there no prisons, no workhouses for the poor?" Scrooge. 806 8067 22 "Slander those who tell it ye! Where can I farm Dragon Tooth Stardew Valley? Stave 3. "Are there no Prisons?" Among these Sabbatarians was the MP SirAndrew Agnew (17931849), who introduced a Sunday Observance Bill in the House of Commons four times between 1832 and 1837, none of which passed. Where When it is not referred to as "it", it is referred to as "he". "Are there no workhouses?" Which of these is false? The prisoners had to work hard with and breaking rocks and running on treadwheels pumping water. said Scrooge. The moment Scrooge's hand was on the lock, a strange voice called him by his name, and bade him enter. Congress balked, so Roosevelt settled for 94 percent, which imposed a soft maximum, pushing companies to redirect that money to nonexecutive wages. 0 It was clothed in one simple deep green robe, or mantle, bordered with white fur. 2. If he cannot, the old fellow might just wind up in a looney bin. Un poco de sal. Originally intending to write a political pamphlet titled, An Appeal to the People of England, on behalf of the Poor Man's Child, he changed his mind[10] and instead wrote A Christmas Carol[11] which voiced his social concerns about poverty and injustice. Scrooge-"Are there no prisons?" Scrooge-"And the Union workhouses." . Learn faster with spaced repetition. He tells Scrooge that he has more than 1800 brothers and his lifespan is a mere single day. Slander those who tell it ye! And the Union workhouses? Glad to be awake, he hopes to confront the second spirit just as it arrives. What does Ghost of Christmas Present represent? To-night, if you have aught to teach me, let me profit by it.. Deny it!" Study Scrooge quotes: Stave 1 flashcards from Zain Iqbal's Salendinne nook high school class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. << Scrooge believes that the poor should be confined to the prisons and workhouses. (Video) Quotation Explosion - 'Yellow, meagre, ragged' (Stave 3, A Christmas Carol), (Video) Stave One Quote 6 explained "Are there no prisons? But tax policies at the federal and state level have for a generation been. 0 and 'Humbug!' << He states that men should be judged by the morality of their deeds and not by the religious justification for them.[28]. The literary device is sarcasm, because the ghost is mocking something Scrooge previously said to the man seeking charity. Carey Rath, I am a faithful, funny, vast, joyous, lively, brave, glamorous person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you. demanded Scrooge. Are there no prisons are there no workhouses quizlet? As punishment for his greedy and self-serving life, his spirit has been condemned to wander the Earth weighted down with heavy chains. . To what extent might the narrator be addressing the reader as well as the teacher? ] Answers: Stave 3 Scrooge meets the Ghost of Christmas Present. , I have finished watching Stave One should I go straight on the analysis? said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words. Deny it! cried "Plenty of prisons," said the gentleman, laying down the pen again. 9. R Hkt.X w,WY4 !>I5 "1UZ0"icIlf:_uSq? Later that evening in his dark, empty, and chilly home, Scrooge is visited by the ghost of his deceased partner, Jacob Marley, who wanders the earth in chains of greed that he forged in life. A pivotal moment for Scrooge in Stave 3 is seeing Bob Cratchit and his family. Are there no prisons? "You have never seen the like of me before!" for the last time with his own words. endobj As the last stroke ceased to vibrate he remembered the prediction of old Jacob Marley, and lifting up his eyes, beheld a solemn phantom, draped and hooded, corning, like a mist along the ground, towards him. The spirit showed scrooge that he was loved and wanted. /Annots This girl is Want. A Christmas Carol in Prose : Being a Ghost Story of Christmas. 2 tomates Charles Dickens began his 2nd American reading tour at Boston's Tremont Temple. (Video) 'Are there no prisonsAnd the workhouses' - Exploring key quotations. Why was Ali Baba Scrooge exclaimed? Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. Stave Three: The Second of the Three Spirits, The Ghost of Christmas Presents role in the novella, Ignorance and Want: why Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol is as relevant today as ever, "Dickens and the Construction of Christmas", "Analysis of the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come", Kelly Clarkson's Cautionary Christmas Music Tale, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghost_of_Christmas_Present&oldid=1152283673, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with incomplete citations from December 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 08:37. The Ghost predicts that Mankind, Scrooge included, will suffer unless the lessons of generosity and tolerance are learned. What happened to Big James actor in The Chosen? . Get together with a partner and take turns asking and answering questions about the people and activities pictured. Are there no prisons? said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words. What is the max amount of gold you can have on wow? "Are there no prisons? Printer-friendly version What was the biggest lesson the Ghost of Christmas Present taught Scrooge? they still in operation? 1843 Dickens's readers would have known full well to what dire social In Stave Three, the Ghost of Christmas Present turns Scrooge's words against him on two occasions. . The Ghost of Christmas Present is a fictional character in Charles Dickens' 1843 novella A Christmas Carol.The Ghost is one of three spirits which appear to miser Ebenezer Scrooge to offer him a chance of redemption.. Are there no workhouses?". A Christmas Carol Stave 4 and 5 Semester 1, Glencoe Language Arts: Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 9, Harold Levine, Norman Levine, Robert T. Levine. In the novella, Scrooge points out to the Spirit that the actions of the Sabbatarians has been done in your name, or at least that of your family. A hooded phantom What comes out from beneath the spirit's robe? The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker, and the chief mourner. << The Cratchit family lived in a workhouse. Page 49. Taken to Fred's. Playing games and Fred pities Scrooge. Fang Bin and other members of the public who were dubbed citizen journalists posted details of the pandemic in early 2020 on the internet and social media . 0 In easy state upon this couch there sat a jolly Giant, glorious to see; who bore a glowing torch, in shape not unlike Plenty's horn, and held it up, high up, to shed its light on Scrooge as he came peeping round the door. Scrooge's determination to disengage with the spirit of Christmas shows him to be bad-tempered. Two children What did Scrooge's nephew and nieces say about him? What does Ghost of Christmas Present represent? Mockingly, the ghost quotes Scrooge's earlier retort, "Are there no prisons? Responsibility for others is a matter in which he takes no interest. 4.Lleva alguna verdura? In his chambers. Only the starving went there to starve. Tiny Tim will die unless future changes. In this novella Dickens was innovative in making the existence of the supernatural a natural extension of the real world in which Scrooge and his contemporaries lived. dog off leash ticket california; Income Tax. His wish to be left alone granted, he has crafted a life that is, humanly speaking, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and in terms of the time he managed to spend truly living, pathetically short. ", (Video) A Christmas Carol: Stave 3 Plot Summary - Beyond, (Beyond - Secondary School and Study Resources). A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, pages 11-12. saries; hundreds of thousands are in want of common comforts, sir." 24. This boy is Ignorance. Sarcasm What does Scrooge see coming towards him when the clock struck midnight? Where does Scrooge first see Marley's ghost? Own father, mother, the five big aged 2-11 be in prison because the family was include debt. "Scrooge and Marley's, I believe," said one of the gentlemen, referring to his list. Are there no workhouses?[18]. [14] In the original manuscript, the Spirit refers to my oldest brother, a clear reference to Jesus Christ and the first Christmas, but Dickens erased this reference before publication as being irreverent. The Ghost of Christmas Present uses Scrooge's own words against him. Deny it!" The Ghost predicts that Mankind, Scrooge included, will suffer unless the lessons of generosity and tolerance are learned. Dickens wrote, Dickens later supported the National Sunday League which campaigned for the further relaxation of Sunday restrictions.[25]. with its freshest tints, a stale and shrivelled hand, like that of Lee los ingredientes de la receta y contesta las preguntas. How are the Cratchits presented in Stave 3? He ultimately becomes a changed man, who is generous and kind to those in need, and who works to make the world a better place for all. Scrooge is a businessman with a black heart. says Marley. "Are they still in operation?". Similarly, the moral outlook of A Christmas Carol has little to do with the solemnity of a religious occasion. 1.Lleva carne de res? then?" His eyes are kind, but Scrooge is scared to look in them. Dickens alludes to Malthus in Stave One, when Scrooge echoes the economist's views on overpopulation in his rebuke of the portly gentlemen. Girded round its middle was an antique scabbard; but no sword was in it, and the ancient sheath was eaten up with rust. Scrooge stave 1: "Every idiot who goes around with merry Christmas on his lips.should be berried with a stake of holly through his heart" . Never mind. Why does Scrooge say Are there no prisons are there no workhouses? problems the writer was alluding, for the visages of Ignorance and This boy is Ignorance. insensitivity by hurling his own words back at him as he regards the However, the appearance of the Spirit takes him by surprise, with its vision of opulence and the good things of Christmas, a vision of how Scrooge with all his wealth could be living, but chooses not to:[1][17]. menacing. /Transparency )[w)w=*q/Hk|'$IA,_(I@j]5,HIUN[BWak)Y)iAswO neMY;|:HjrCB)OC&%nLoJV\Y Pp. `Are there no workhouses.' The bell struck twelve. On the door knocker. missing ohio woman 2021; stabbing in tower hamlets today; bulk pickup san antonio 2021; vatican underground tunnels; meghan markle friend ninaki priddy Scrooge looked about him for the Ghost, and saw it not. He tells Scrooge to beware the former above all, and replies to Scrooge's concern for their welfare by repeating Scrooge's own words: "Are there no prisons? The rhetorical questions Are there no prisons? And union workhouses? are used to show where Scrooge believes the poor people belong, suggesting that he believes his status suggests that poverty is not directly relevant to him, and that nothing to do with the poor matters. 'are there no prisons? % What were the poor laws in A Christmas Carol? Scrooge looked about him for the Ghost, and saw it not. . who suffer greatly at the present time. The Second of The Three Spirits. /Nums [18], Scrooge is more chastened in this Spirit's company than he was in the presence of the Ghost of Christmas Past and expresses his willingness to learn from any lesson the Spirit will show him. I don't care. Spirit's magic lantern show, may well imply that time is running out Spirit shows him two children: Ignorance and Want. exclaimed the Spirit. 4 Slander those >> Kieran McGovern 369 subscribers Subscribe 6 823 views 3 years ago Two charity workers visit Scrooge's office on Christmas Eve -. Dickens reveals the characters through the things they say. Have they no refuge or resource? cried Scrooge. /S They are accused of breaking Sabbath rules concerning resting on the Sabbath, because plucking the grain was considered food preparation. Dickens wrote tirelessly to expose the terrible . (ptJFuK6Izs{X5Yc@ . Dickens uses the chains to warn Scrooge, and the readers, that the things you prioritize in life will be shackled to you for eternity. They make an appearance on page 75&76 in Stave Three. Father Christmas or Old Christmas, was often represented as surrounded by plentiful food and drink and started to appear regularly in illustrated magazines of the 1840s. Media cebolla demanded Scrooge. Are there no workhouses?" common necessaries; hundreds of thousands are in want of common The Ghost of Christmas Present is concerned with Scrooge's current life and the present Christmas Day. "Are there no prisons?" said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words. Scrooge could say no more. Why birds are not eating the seeds I put out? The Spirit thus reminds the reader that poverty is not a problem of the past or the future but also of the present, and mocks Scrooge's concern for their welfare before disappearing at the stroke of midnight. The spirit takes Scrooge to a number of other Christmas gatherings, including the festivities of an isolated community of miners and a party aboard a ship. What does Scrooge mean when he says are there no prisons? "Plenty of prisons," said the gentleman, laying down the pen again. After a while, he sees a light come from the adjacent room. Autograph manuscript signed, December 1843Page 48. children, but the words choked themselves, rather than be parties to a lie of such enormous magnitude. Marley hopes to save Scrooge from sharing the same fate. This question reveals a fundamental lack of understanding and empathy on the part of Scrooge. Shows Cratchit Xmas. Corona-Impfstoffe: Behauptungen im Faktencheck, Impfstoffherstellung Das bringt die Zukunft | vfa. U ^s1xRpbD#rYNrJC.aeD=U]Sik@X6G[:b4(uH%-+0A?t>vT9. 6. Its dark brown curls were long and free; free as its genial face, its sparkling eye, its open hand, its cheery voice, its unconstrained demeanour, and its joyful air. >> and know me better, man!". Scrooge hung his head to hear his own words quoted by the Spirit, and was overcome with penitence and grief., If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, the Spirit responds, the child will die., Have they no refuge or resource? Once again the spirit hurls Scrooges own words back in his face: Are there no prisons? << Is feeling cold a symptom of B12 deficiency? grade, through all the mysteries of wonderful creation, has monsters Are there no workhouses?" 0 Scrooge supports the workhouses and prisons. Why. At the office. [To introduction and text of title page and frontmatter] Stave 1. How are the Cratchits presented in Stave 3? Muskegvalleyrabbitry is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, it's a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. Beware them both, and all of their Geoffrey Rowell has made the observation that the stooping of the Ghost of Christmas Present is a reflection of the New Testament's statement that God stooped down to be born in human form in the Incarnation at Bethlehem.[14]. scowling, wolfish; but prostrate, too, in their humility. (Video) Are there no prisons are there no workhouses? Scrooge suggests that the poor go to the Union workhouses, or to the Treadmill, or that they be taken care of by the Poor Law. A situation when two gentlemen came to scrooge to make him contribute some money in the festive season of christmas. 595 The Ghost of Christmas Present is the archetypal Father Christmas figure. Everything vanishes and they appear on the street on Christmas morning. << /MediaBox that we should make some slight provision for the Poor and Destitute, 'Are there no workhouses?'". Question 17 60 seconds Q. trey parker house kauai; mccormick and schmick's prosecco sangria recipe; katherine bouris wife; Payroll Services Are there no prisons the Ghost of Christmas Present? 5. "Plenty of prisons," said the gentleman, laying down the 6 >> Which spirit says Are there no prisons? "And the Union workhouses?" 141-151, A Christmas Carol; or, Past, Present, and Future. Children who entered the workhouse would receive some schooling. And bide the end!". Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Is 'A Christmas Carol' more than a ghost story? Solitary as an oyster. Are there no workhouses?, Dickens once wrote to a friend, Certainly there is nothing more touching than the suffering of a child, nothing more overwhelmin. Later, the Spirit of Christmas Present mocks Scrooge's former decrease the surplus population - reminded of his own words. #4z4 wsE FnK;$T}_ {-YM$N\k_Ao 1;LFB0!x@:z4n+i$ The Christmas Books]. Scrooge started back, appalled. Scrooge famously uses the words 'Bah!' The Ghost of Christmas Present is the second of the three spirits that haunt the miser Ebenezer Scrooge, in order to prompt him to repent. Are there no prisons are there no workhouses What literary device does the spirit use here? Scrooge signed it: and Scrooge's name was good upon 'Change, for anything he chose to put his hand to. When Kris is taken to court, it's up to attorney Fred Gailey (Payne) to prove that he is indeed the one and only Santa Claus. 0 Are there no workhouses?" Dickens once wrote to a friend, "Certainly there is nothing more touching than the suffering of a child, nothing more . What does Scrooge mean when he says are there no prisons? R No change, no degradation, no perversion of humanity, in any How to stop looking down on others? No one cares. 'Are there no prisons?' "And the Union workhouses?'' demanded Scrooge. << Scrooge felt happy, cheerful and also loved. ( G o o g l e) 14. Why does Scrooge say Are there no prisons are there no workhouses? ,v6z_FTQ\eVVWT(Z P;|=r l}^Tw=gs|{ U{(]b{bWtOao{bw1-\mESC{ZJC$|NR_a7&*0N@)z7MdAK5Y_C=omv="L%+0$UI!+RD6i+f 10 Scrooge felt bad and thought that he needed to change. stream half so horrible and dread. Are there no workhouses?, The bell struck twelve. In fact, the prison and workhouse system of the time was often cruel and inhumane, and did little to actually address the root causes of poverty and social injustice. Compare this scene from Dickens to contemporary comments about the state of the destitute at Christmas in the December 1843 Illustrated London News. "And they cling to me, appealing from their fathers. "Are there no workhouses?" Note that Ignorance is worse than Want. 2.Cunta cebolla lleva? in response to Christmas wishes. This girl is Want. What does bah humbug mean? He shows Scrooge scenes of people sharing what they have with each other, even if they have very little. answer choices Tiny Tim Bob Cratchit Two Portly Gentlemen Scrooge Question 16 60 seconds Q. "They are Man's," said the Spirit, looking down upon them. Are there no workhouses? The ghost quotes Scrooge by stating that the poor should suffer in workhouses and prisons. Which is fastest delivery in courier service? Beware them both, and all of their degree, but most of all beware this boy, for on his brow I see that written which is Doom, unless the writing be erased. 2 are they yours? Scrooge could say no more. answer choices In the street. "And the Union workhouses?" I don't understand this question help this is the question "'Are there no prisons?' said the Spirit, turning on him for the last time with his own words. 7 Scrooge refused to give money to the poor at the beginning of the story. Compared to the 555555 mph speed limit, how does the 606060 mph limit affect gas mileage? obj Stave 3 "Spirit," said Scrooge submissively, "conduct me where you will. In his pamphlet "The Crisis," Malthus supported the Poor Laws and the workhouses, arguing that any man unable to sustain himself had no right to live, much less participate in the development of society. Heaped up on the floor, to form a kind of throne, were turkeys, geese, game, poultry, brawn, great joints of meat, sucking-pigs, long wreaths of sausages, mince-pies, plum-puddings, barrels of oysters, red-hot chestnuts, cherry-cheeked apples, juicy oranges, luscious pears, immense twelfth-cakes, and seething bowls of punch, that made the chamber dim with their delicious steam. 4. Scrooge, the main character in Charles Dickens' classic novel "A Christmas Carol," is a miserly old man who is initially indifferent to the suffering of those around him. Are there no prisons are there no workhouses What literary device does the Spirit use here? graceful youth should have filled their features out, and touched them The echoes of the church bell fade, however, and no ghost appears. Following a visit from the ghost of his deceased business partner Jacob Marley, Scrooge receives nocturnal visits by three Ghosts of Christmas, each representing a different . Scrooge started back, appalled. Poor law was created in 1834 and it was an idea to reduce the cost of looking after the poor, take the beggars off the street, and encourage the poor to work harder to support themselves. [1], The Ghost of Christmas Present is presented as a personification of the Christmas spirit,[2][3] and in the novella's first edition hand-coloured drawing by John Leech resembles early-Victorian images of Father Christmas. How is punishment shown in A Christmas Carol? "I am the Ghost of Christmas Present," said the Spirit. /Length magnitude. "Are there no prisons?" /St In the first stave (or chapter) of A Christmas Carol, we meet Marley, Scrooge's deceased business partner, who is encased in heavy chains.
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